{"id":1727,"date":"2024-12-15T04:21:58","date_gmt":"2024-12-15T04:21:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nihongo-no-benkyo.com\/?p=1727"},"modified":"2024-12-15T04:37:47","modified_gmt":"2024-12-15T04:37:47","slug":"doc-004","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nihongo-no-benkyo.com\/en\/doc-004\/","title":{"rendered":"Express \"can do\" using verbs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The form to express “can do” with a verb has the following rules depending on the type of conjugation. For information on conjugation, see Verb<\/a>.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verbs that belong to Conjugation-aiueo (five-step conjugation)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Below are the conjugations for “\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3059 (speak)”. The grey background is not taken into account.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation Ending<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u306a\u3044<\/td>\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3055<\/mark>\u306a\u3044<\/td>ha na sa na i<\/td>not speak<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u3046 or \uff5e\u3088\u3046<\/td>\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305d\u3046<\/td>ha na so u<\/td>let’s speak<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3057<\/mark>\u307e\u3059<\/td>ha na shi ma su<\/td>speak (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u305f<\/td>\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3057<\/mark>\u305f<\/td>ha na shi ta<\/td>spoke<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3059<\/mark><\/td>ha na su<\/td>speak<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3068\u304d
or
\uff5e\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>		\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3059<\/mark>\u3068\u304d<\/td>ha na su to ki<\/td>when speak<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3070
or
\uff5e\u308c\u3070<\/td>		\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b<\/mark>\u3070<\/td>ha na se ba<\/td>if speak<\/td><\/tr>
\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b<\/td>ha na se<\/td>speak (command)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Regarding “\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3059 (speak)” the conjugations of the expression “can do” are as shown in the table below.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation Ending<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u306a\u3044<\/td>\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b<\/mark>\u306a\u3044<\/td>ha na se na i<\/td>can not speak<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u3046 or \uff5e\u3088\u3046<\/td>\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305d\u3046<\/td>ha na so u<\/td>let’s speak<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b<\/mark>\u307e\u3059<\/td>ha na se ma su<\/td>can speak (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u305f<\/td>\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b<\/mark>\u305f<\/td>ha na se ta<\/td>could speak<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b\u308b<\/mark><\/td>ha na se su<\/td>can speak<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3068\u304d
or
\uff5e\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>		\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b\u308b<\/mark>\u3068\u304d<\/td>ha na se ru to ki<\/td>when can speak<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3070
or
\uff5e\u308c\u3070<\/td>		\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b\u308c<\/mark>\u3070<\/td>ha na se re ba<\/td>if can speak<\/td><\/tr>
\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b<\/td>ha na se<\/td>speak (command)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


The conjugation is the same as Conjugation-e (lower one-step conjugation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is very important. Pay attention to the vowels. For verbs that belong to Conjugation-aiueo (five-step conjugation), when expressing “I can do ~”, all the vowels are “\u3048 (e)”.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/tr>
Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b\u306a\u3044<\/td>ha na se<\/mark> na i<\/td>can not speak<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/td>ha na se<\/mark> ma su<\/td>can speak (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b\u305f<\/td>ha na se<\/mark> ta<\/td>could speak<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b\u308b<\/td>ha na se<\/mark> su<\/td>can speak<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>ha na se<\/mark> ru to ki<\/td>when can speak<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b\u308c\u3070<\/td>ha na se<\/mark> re ba<\/td>if can speak<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Extracts only vowels, as shown in the table below.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/tr>
Conjugation Form<\/td>Normal conjugation<\/td>can do ~<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		a (na i)<\/td>e (na i)<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		i (ma su)<\/td>e (ma su)<\/td><\/tr>
i (ta)<\/td>e (ta)<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		u<\/td>e (ru)<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		u (to ki)<\/td>e u (to ki)<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		e (ba)<\/td>e e (ba)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Verbs that belong to Conjugation-aiueo (five-step conjugation) often follow this rule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here are some other examples.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b69(\u3042\u308b)\u304f (walk)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Normal conjugation<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
<\/tr>
Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\u6b69(\u3042\u308b)\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/td>a ru ka na i<\/td>not walk<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\u6b69(\u3042\u308b)\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/td>a ru ki ma su<\/td>walk (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\u6b69(\u3042\u308b)\u3044\u305f<\/td>a ru i ta<\/td>walked<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u6b69(\u3042\u308b)\u304f<\/td>a ru ku<\/td>walk<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\u6b69(\u3042\u308b)\u304f\u3068\u304d<\/td>a ru ku to ki<\/td>when walk<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\u6b69(\u3042\u308b)\u3051\u3070<\/td>a ru ke ba<\/td>if walk<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
can do ~<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
<\/tr>
Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\u6b69(\u3042\u308b)\u3051\u306a\u3044<\/td>a ru ke na i<\/td>can not walk<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\u6b69(\u3042\u308b)\u3051\u307e\u3059<\/td>a ru ke ma su<\/td>can walk (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\u6b69(\u3042\u308b)\u3051\u305f<\/td>a ru ke ta<\/td>could walk<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u6b69(\u3042\u308b)\u3051\u308b<\/td>a ru ke ru<\/td>can walk<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\u6b69(\u3042\u308b)\u3051\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>a ru ke ru to ki<\/td>when can walk<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\u6b69(\u3042\u308b)\u3051\u308c\u3070<\/td>a ru ke re ba<\/td>if can walk<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f7f(\u3064\u304b)\u3046 (use)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Normal conjugation<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
<\/tr>
Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\u4f7f(\u3064\u304b)\u308f\u306a\u3044<\/td>tsu ka wa na i<\/td>not use<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\u4f7f(\u3064\u304b)\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/td>tsu ka i ma su<\/td>use (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\u4f7f(\u3064\u304b)\u3063\u305f<\/td>tsu ka tta<\/td>used<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u4f7f(\u3064\u304b)\u3046<\/td>tsu ka u<\/td>use<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\u4f7f(\u3064\u304b)\u3046\u3068\u304d<\/td>tsu ka u to ki<\/td>when use<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\u4f7f(\u3064\u304b)\u3048\u3070<\/td>tsu ka e ba<\/td>if use<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
can do ~<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
<\/tr>
Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\u4f7f(\u3064\u304b)\u3048\u306a\u3044<\/td>tsu ka e na i<\/td>can not use<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\u4f7f(\u3064\u304b)\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/td>tsu ka e ma su<\/td>can use (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\u4f7f(\u3064\u304b)\u3048\u305f<\/td>tsu ka e ta<\/td>could use<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u4f7f(\u3064\u304b)\u3048\u308b<\/td>tsu ka e ru<\/td>can use<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\u4f7f(\u3064\u304b)\u3048\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>tsu ka e ru to ki<\/td>when can use<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\u4f7f(\u3064\u304b)\u3048\u308c\u3070<\/td>tsu ka e re ba<\/td>if can use<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n



<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation-i (upper one-step conjugation)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Below are the conjugations for “\u898b(\u307f)\u308b (see)”. The grey background is not taken into account.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation Ending<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u306a\u3044<\/td>\u898b(\u307f)<\/mark>\u306a\u3044<\/td>mi na i<\/td>not see<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u3046 or \uff5e\u3088\u3046<\/td>\u898b(\u307f)\u3088\u3046<\/td>mi yo u<\/td>let’s see<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u898b(\u307f)<\/mark>\u307e\u3059<\/td>mi ma su<\/td>see (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u305f<\/td>\u898b(\u307f)<\/mark>\u305f<\/td>mi ta<\/td>saw<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u898b(\u307f)<\/mark>\u308b<\/td>mi ru<\/td>see<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3068\u304d
or
\uff5e\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>		\u898b(\u307f)<\/mark>\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>mi ru to ki<\/td>when see<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3070
or
\uff5e\u308c\u3070<\/td>		\u898b(\u307f)<\/mark>\u308c\u3070<\/td>mi re ba<\/td>if see<\/td><\/tr>
\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u898b(\u307f)\u308d<\/td>mi ro<\/td>see (command)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Regarding “\u898b(\u307f)\u308b (see)” the conjugations of the expression “can do” are as shown in the table below.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation Ending<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u306a\u3044<\/td>\u898b(\u307f)\u3089\u308c<\/mark>\u306a\u3044<\/td>mi ra re na i<\/td>can not see<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u3046 or \uff5e\u3088\u3046<\/td>\u898b(\u307f)\u3088\u3046<\/td>mi yo u<\/td>let’s see<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u898b(\u307f)\u3089\u308c<\/mark>\u307e\u3059<\/td>mi ra re ma su<\/td>can see (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u305f<\/td>\u898b(\u307f)\u3089\u308c<\/mark>\u305f<\/td>mi ra re ta<\/td>could see<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u898b(\u307f)\u3089\u308c<\/mark>\u308b<\/td>mi ra re ru<\/td>can see<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3068\u304d
or
\uff5e\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>		\u898b(\u307f)\u3089\u308c<\/mark>\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>mi ra re ru to ki<\/td>when can see<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3070
or
\uff5e\u308c\u3070<\/td>		\u898b(\u307f)\u3089\u308c<\/mark>\u308c\u3070<\/td>mi ra re re ba<\/td>if can see<\/td><\/tr>
\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u898b(\u307f)\u308d<\/td>mi ro<\/td>see (command)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


For verbs that belong to Conjugation-i (upper one-step conjugation), when expressing “can do”, “\u3089\u308c” is inserted.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation-e (lower one-step conjugation)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Below are the conjugations for “\u5bdd(\u306d)\u308b (sleep)”. The grey background is not taken into account.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation Ending<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u306a\u3044<\/td>\u5bdd(\u306d)<\/mark>\u306a\u3044<\/td>ne na i<\/td>not sleep<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u3046 or \uff5e\u3088\u3046<\/td>\u5bdd(\u306d)\u3088\u3046<\/td>ne yo u<\/td>let’s sleep<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u5bdd(\u306d)<\/mark>\u307e\u3059<\/td>ne ma su<\/td>sleep (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u305f<\/td>\u5bdd(\u306d)<\/mark>\u305f<\/td>ne ta<\/td>slept<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u5bdd(\u306d)<\/mark>\u308b<\/td>ne ru<\/td>sleep<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3068\u304d
or
\uff5e\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>		\u5bdd(\u306d)<\/mark>\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>ne ru to ki<\/td>when sleep<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3070
or
\uff5e\u308c\u3070<\/td>		\u5bdd(\u306d)<\/mark>\u308c\u3070<\/td>ne re ba<\/td>if sleep<\/td><\/tr>
\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u5bdd(\u306d)\u308d<\/td>ne ro<\/td>sleep (command)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Regarding “\u5bdd(\u306d)\u308b (sleep)” the conjugations of the expression “can do” are as shown in the table below.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation Ending<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u306a\u3044<\/td>\u5bdd(\u306d)\u3089\u308c<\/mark>\u306a\u3044<\/td>ne ra re na i<\/td>can not sleep<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u3046 or \uff5e\u3088\u3046<\/td>\u5bdd(\u306d)\u3088\u3046<\/td>ne yo u<\/td>let’s sleep<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u5bdd(\u306d)\u3089\u308c<\/mark>\u307e\u3059<\/td>ne ra re ma su<\/td>can sleep (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u305f<\/td>\u5bdd(\u306d)\u3089\u308c<\/mark>\u305f<\/td>ne ra re ta<\/td>could sleep<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u5bdd(\u306d)\u3089\u308c<\/mark>\u308b<\/td>ne ra re ru<\/td>can sleep<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3068\u304d
or
\uff5e\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>		\u5bdd(\u306d)\u3089\u308c<\/mark>\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>ne ra re ru to ki<\/td>when can sleep<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3070
or
\uff5e\u308c\u3070<\/td>		\u5bdd(\u306d)\u3089\u308c<\/mark>\u308c\u3070<\/td>ne ra re re ba<\/td>if can leep<\/td><\/tr>
\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u5bdd(\u306d)\u308d<\/td>ne ro<\/td>sleep (command)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


For verbs that belong to Conjugation-e (lower one-step conjugation), when expressing “can do”, “\u3089\u308c” is inserted. It is the same as Conjugation-i (upper one-step conjugation).

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation-kuru (irregular conjugation of the ka-row)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Below are the conjugations for “\u6765(\u304f)\u308b (come)”. The grey background is not taken into account.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation Ending<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u306a\u3044<\/td>\u6765(\u3053)<\/mark>\u306a\u3044<\/td>ko na i<\/td>not come<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u3046 or \uff5e\u3088\u3046<\/td>\u6765(\u3053)\u3088\u3046<\/td>ko yo u<\/td>let’s come<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u6765(\u304d)<\/mark><\/mark>\u307e\u3059<\/td>ki ma su<\/td>come (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u305f<\/td>\u6765(\u304d)<\/mark><\/mark>\u305f<\/td>ki ta<\/td>came<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u6765(\u304f)<\/mark><\/mark>\u308b<\/td>ku ru<\/td>come<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3068\u304d
or
\uff5e\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>		\u6765(\u304f)<\/mark><\/mark>\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>ku ru to ki<\/td>when come<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3070
or
\uff5e\u308c\u3070<\/td>		\u6765(\u304f)<\/mark><\/mark>\u308c\u3070<\/td>ku re ba<\/td>if come<\/td><\/tr>
\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u6765(\u3053)\u3044<\/td>ko i<\/td>come (command)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Regarding “\u6765(\u304f)\u308b (come)” the conjugations of the expression “can do” are as shown in the table below.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation Ending<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u306a\u3044<\/td>\u6765(\u3053)\u3089\u308c<\/mark>\u306a\u3044<\/td>ko ra re na i<\/td>can not come<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u3046 or \uff5e\u3088\u3046<\/td>\u6765(\u3053)\u3088\u3046<\/td>ko yo u<\/td>let’s come<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u6765(\u3053)\u3089\u308c<\/mark><\/mark><\/mark>\u307e\u3059<\/td>ko ra re ma su<\/td>can come (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u305f<\/td>\u6765(\u3053)\u3089\u308c<\/mark><\/mark><\/mark>\u305f<\/td>ko ra re ta<\/td>could come<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u6765(\u3053)\u3089\u308c<\/mark><\/mark><\/mark>\u308b<\/td>ko ra re ru<\/td>can come<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3068\u304d
or
\uff5e\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>		\u6765(\u3053)\u3089\u308c<\/mark><\/mark><\/mark>\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>ko ra re ru to ki<\/td>when can come<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3070
or
\uff5e\u308c\u3070<\/td>		\u6765(\u3053)\u3089\u308c<\/mark><\/mark><\/mark>\u308c\u3070<\/td>ko ra re re ba<\/td>if can come<\/td><\/tr>
\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u6765(\u3053)\u3044<\/td>ko i<\/td>come (command)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


The only verb that belongs to Conjugation-kuru (irregular conjugation of the ka-row) is “\u6765(\u304f)\u308b (come)”. I recommend you to memorize it.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation-suru (irregular conjugation of the sa-row))<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Below are the conjugations for “\u3059\u308b (do)”. The grey background is not taken into account.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation Ending<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u306a\u3044<\/td>\u3057<\/mark>\u306a\u3044<\/td>shi na i<\/td>not do<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u3046 or \uff5e\u3088\u3046<\/td>\u3057\u3088\u3046<\/td>shi yo u<\/td>let’s do<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u3057<\/mark><\/mark><\/mark>\u307e\u3059<\/td>shi ma su<\/td>do (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u305f<\/td>\u3057<\/mark><\/mark><\/mark>\u305f<\/td>shi ta<\/td>did<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u3059<\/mark><\/mark>\u308b<\/td>su ru<\/td>do<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3068\u304d
or
\uff5e\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>		\u3059<\/mark><\/mark>\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>su ru to ki<\/td>when do<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3070
or
\uff5e\u308c\u3070<\/td>		\u3059<\/mark><\/mark>\u308c\u3070<\/td>su re ba<\/td>if do<\/td><\/tr>
\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u3057\u308d<\/td>shi ro<\/td>do (command)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Regarding “\u3059\u308b (do)” the conjugations of the expression “can do” are as shown in the table below.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conjugation Form<\/td>Conjugation Ending<\/td>Conjugation<\/td>Pronunciation<\/td>English<\/td><\/tr>
\u672a\u7136\u5f62
(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)
(imperfective form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u306a\u3044<\/td>\u3067\u304d<\/mark>\u306a\u3044<\/td>de ki na i<\/td>can not do<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u3046 or \uff5e\u3088\u3046<\/td>\u3057\u3088\u3046<\/td>shi yo u<\/td>let’s do<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u7528\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)
(conjunctive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u307e\u3059<\/td>\u3067\u304d<\/mark><\/mark><\/mark><\/mark>\u307e\u3059<\/td>de ki ma su<\/td>can do (polite)<\/td><\/tr>
\uff5e\u305f<\/td>\u3067\u304d<\/mark><\/mark><\/mark><\/mark>\u305f<\/td>de ki ta<\/td>could do<\/td><\/tr>
\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62
(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)
(dictionary form)<\/td>		\u3067\u304d<\/mark><\/mark><\/mark>\u308b<\/td>de ki ru<\/td>can do<\/td><\/tr>
\u9023\u4f53\u5f62
(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(attributive form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3068\u304d
or
\uff5e\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>		\u3067\u304d<\/mark><\/mark><\/mark>\u308b\u3068\u304d<\/td>de ki ru to ki<\/td>when can do<\/td><\/tr>
\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62
(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(conditional form)<\/td>		\uff5e\u3070
or
\uff5e\u308c\u3070<\/td>		\u3067\u304d<\/mark><\/mark><\/mark>\u308c\u3070<\/td>de ki re ba<\/td>if can do<\/td><\/tr>
\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62
(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)
(imperative form)<\/td>		\u3057\u308d<\/td>shi ro<\/td>do (command)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


The only verb that belongs to Conjugation-suru (irregular conjugation of the sa-row) are “\u3059\u308b (do)” and “\uff5e\u3059\u308b (do ~)”. I recommend you to memorize it.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Here’s a quick summary:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • The only verb that belongs to Conjugation-kuru (irregular conjugation of the ka-row) is “\u6765(\u304f)\u308b (come)”. There’s only one, so I recommend you to memorize it.

    <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Verbs that belong to Conjugation-suru (irregular conjugation of the sa-row) are “\u3059\u308b (do)” “\u52c9\u5f37(\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046)\u3059\u308b (study)” “\u4ed5\u4e8b(\u3057\u3054\u3068)\u3059\u308b (work)” an so on. For example, “\u52c9\u5f37(\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046)\u3059\u308b” is “\u52c9\u5f37(\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046) + \u3059\u308b”, so you just need to put the conjugated form of “\u3059\u308b” after “\u52c9\u5f37(\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046)”. In other words, you only need to memorize the conjugations of “\u3059\u308b”.

    <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • There are few verbs that belong to Conjugation-i (upper one-step conjugation). If you are a beginner in Japanese, you should start by learning only the following verbs.\n
      \n
    • \u8d77(\u304a)\u304d\u308b (wake up)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u7740(\u304d)\u308b (put on)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u904e(\u3059)\u304e\u308b (pass)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u843d(\u304a)\u3061\u308b (fall)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u898b(\u307f)\u308b (see)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u964d(\u304a)\u308a\u308b (get off)
      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • There are also few verbs that belong to Conjugation-e (lower one-step conjugation). If you are a beginner in Japanese, you should start by learning only the following verbs.\n
        \n
      • \u53d7(\u3046)\u3051\u308b (take e.g. take examination)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u898b(\u307f)\u305b\u308b (show)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u6df7(\u307e)\u305c\u308b (mix)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u6368(\u3059)\u3066\u308b (throw away)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u8339(\u3086)\u3067\u308b (boil)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u51fa(\u3067)\u308b (go out and other mianings)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u5bdd(\u306d)\u308b (sleep)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u98df(\u305f)\u3079\u308b (eat)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u5165(\u3044)\u308c\u308b (put in)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        The form to express “can do” with a verb has the following rules depending on the type of conjugation. For information on conjugation, see Verb. Verbs that belong to Conjugation-aiueo (five-step conjugation) Below are the conjugations for “\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3059 (speak)”. The grey background is not taken into account. Conjugation FormConjugation EndingConjugationPronunciationEnglish\u672a\u7136\u5f62(\u307f\u305c\u3093\u3051\u3044)(imperfective form)\uff5e\u306a\u3044\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3055\u306a\u3044ha na sa na inot speak\uff5e\u3046 or \uff5e\u3088\u3046\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305d\u3046ha na so ulet’s speak\u9023\u7528\u5f62(\u308c\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3051\u3044)(conjunctive form)\uff5e\u307e\u3059\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3057\u307e\u3059ha na shi ma suspeak (polite)\uff5e\u305f\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3057\u305fha na shi taspoke\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)(dictionary form)\u7d42\u6b62\u5f62(\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3051\u3044)(dictionary form)\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3059ha na suspeak\u9023\u4f53\u5f62(\u308c\u3093\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3044)(attributive form)\uff5e\u3068\u304dor\uff5e\u308b\u3068\u304d\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3059\u3068\u304dha na su to kiwhen speak\u4eee\u5b9a\u5f62(\u304b\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3044)(conditional form)\uff5e\u3070or\uff5e\u308c\u3070\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305b\u3070ha na se baif speak\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)(imperative form)\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62(\u3081\u3044\u308c\u3044\u3051\u3044)(imperative form)\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u305bha na sespeak (command) Regarding “\u8a71(\u306f\u306a)\u3059 (speak)” the conjugations of the expression “can do” … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_locale":"en_US","_original_post":"https:\/\/nihongo-no-benkyo.com\/?p=1605","footnotes":""},"categories":[18,20,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1727","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-all-eng","category-doc-eng","category-general-eng","en-US"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nihongo-no-benkyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1727","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nihongo-no-benkyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nihongo-no-benkyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nihongo-no-benkyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nihongo-no-benkyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1727"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/nihongo-no-benkyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1727\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1750,"href":"https:\/\/nihongo-no-benkyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1727\/revisions\/1750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nihongo-no-benkyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1727"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nihongo-no-benkyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1727"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nihongo-no-benkyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1727"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}